Introduction:
First of all I would like to say I’ve been very busy lately. Therefore I haven’t had much time to spend on my blog. Too bad, cause I really enjoy publishing articles like this. Anyway, in the past few months I’ve done several attempts to convince my manager to acquire a license for vCenter Server Heartbeat in which in eventually succeeded.
Since the implementation of our vSphere Infrastructure our environment has grown enormously and there are just about 15 datacenters connected to our vCenter Server. Which really makes your ‘single node’ vCenter Server really a single point of failure.
Why use vCenter Heartbeat?
There are several reasons why an organization should consider going to use a Heartbeat setup for their VMware vSphere Infrastructure:
- Continuity of your Clusters (DRS)
Without your vCenter Server your Clusters won’t be able to function
- Manageability
It’s really a must with several datacenters in your vCenter Server with their own administrators to be able to manage their virtual infrastructure
- Backup
In case your backup software uses your vCenter to index your virtual infrastructure and use it in it’s backup process it’s essential your vCenter Server is reachable.
Installation Methods
There are several methods of deployment of your Heartbeat setup: V2V (Virtual to Virtual), V2P (Virtual to Physical) or P2P (Physical to Physical).
In our case we chose for the P2P (Physical to Physical) solution because I really insisted the secondary server was just as powerful as the primary in case a failover situation would last longer than just a few hours.
vCenter Server Hardware
VMware insists on –when using the Physical to Physical solution- both of your vCenter Servers (Primary and Secondary) have similar hardware. In our case our vCenter Servers consist of the following:
Brand/model: HP ProLiant DL360 G6
Processors: 2x Intel Xeon E5540 2.53GHz
Memory: 12G DDR3 Registered (6GB per CPU)
Disk(s): 2x HP 72GB 15K Dual Port (RAID-1)
My design for vCenter Server Heartbeat
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Design for vCenter Server HeartBeat
In our infrastructure we have several datacenters spread all of the the country connected to each other by a fiber (WAN) network. Two locations (sites) are really close to each other and are also connected by a separate fiber connection.
The ideal situation of this nearby location is that it’s using the same physical network as our site does and most of the VLAN’s designated for servers are available on both sites. So this location/site is ideal as a backup-location.
When installing vCenter Heartbeat you are able to select if you are installing on a WAN of a LAN infrastructure. Since this is is really a LAN-situation we choose the LAN-setup. Primarily because we are able to use a single Public IP address for our vCenter Server which simplifies management.
For this setup I’m using our default Server VLAN to put our Public IP address in and I’ve created a separate VLAN for the Channel (heartbeat/synchronization) communication of vCenter Heartbeat.
I’ve simplified our infrastructure in the image below so it’s main and only focus is on our vCenter Server Heartbeat setup. In this case the public IP Address is 10.15.1.17 and is in a different subnet/VLAN than our Heartbeat Channel. The primary vCenter Server has 10.15.210.11 and the secondary has 10.15.210.12.
The channel is used by Heartbeat to synchronize the registry, filesystem of the Heartbeat nodes and to communicate from the primary to the secondary. This channel is also used to check if the other ‘node’ is still alive and to eventually initiate a failover if it’s not.
Packet Filter (Neverfail)
As you might have seen in the design above is both the primary and the secondary server have the same name and public IP address. There is a really simple explanation for this: when you choose to install Heartbeat with a LAN-setup it will assume both the vCenters will have the same IP address and name. This is because during the setup on the primary node the setup will create a System State backup which you will restore on the secondary node afterwards. From that moment on the secondary node is equal to the primary node in every way.
To prevent both the primary and the secondary server from having their public adapters active on the network VMware has implemented a “Neverfail Packet Filter Driver” which will be installed on the Public network adapters during the installation of Heartbeat.
The idea of the Packet Filter is really simple: Heartbeat will disable the Packet Filter on the node that is currently active. During a failover the Heartbeat software will enable the Packet Filter on the node that will be inactive and disable it on the node that will be the active node from that moment on.
vCenter Databases
There are several ways to host your vCenter databases and in our infrastructure we chose to host our databases on a seperate dedicated database server. This database server is currently running Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Standard and we are going to migrate the databases to a Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Cluster soon for the simple reason that if you make your front-end redundant it’s seems just as logic to do the same for your back-end.
Installing/implementing vCenter Server Heartbeat
Luckily VMware really thought of this: yes, it is very well possible to implement Heartbeat on your running environment. If this wasn’t possible it really would be an hassle to implement it.
The documentation of Heartbeat comes in two documents: quick setup and the reference guide. In my opinion these documents contain most of the steps you need to take to install Heartbeat so there is no need for me to describe each step. Although in my opinion the Quick guide really misses out on some detail so I would suggest the Reference Guide.
In the global steps below to take to implement Heartbeat I will indicate which action is required on what server by starting the line with “Primary”, “Secondary” or even “Both”:
- Secondary: make sure the hardware (CPU, Memory, Disks) is similar to your primary server
- Secondary: install the exact same operating system as you have on your primary server. In our case this is Windows Server 2008 x64 Standard. Give it a temporary IP (DHCP if you will) and a bogus hostname. This will be overwritten when Heartbeat sets up your secondary node with your primary node’s data.
- Both: also make sure you have your ILO configuration on both the primary as the secondary server to be able to reach the servers in some of the steps of the installation
- Both: make sure the Windows Update level on both servers is the same.
- Both: in case you are using Windows Server 2008 you need to install some features on the server before you can start the installation: Backup, Backup-Features and Backup-Tools.
- Both: Very important, installing Heartbeat will NOT work properly when you have NIC Teaming enabled. If you want to use NIC Teaming: set it up when the whole Heartbeat setup is finished!
- Primary: install Heartbeat and follow the steps on the screen, make sure you have some storage space on the network available to store the temporary backup-files to transfer the backup which contains the identity of your primary server to your secondary.Important: make sure your secondary server is able to reach this location.
- Secondary: as you probably have followed all of the steps on your primary node the setup will tell you to continue your setup on your Secondary node.
- Secondary: don’t forget to manually change your Channel IP to the proper IP you have reserved for the secondary node after the Heartbeat setup rebooted your server!
- Both: this is for both servers, but has to be configured only once in your Heartbeat configuration. You will need to provide a service account to the vCenter Service Plugin of Heartbeat that has enough access on your vCenter Server to monitor if it’s down or up.I would suggest if you are running vCenter Server on a service account like I do you use that account for this purpose.
Final words
Some of you are eager to try this baby out. Well that’s possible: you are able to use vCenter Server Heartbeat in trial for 60 days. The only problem is: you need to be able to download it from the VMware download site. I’m pretty sure that if you contact customer service they will provide you with a link to do so. The great thing about running the trial is that if you don’t like it or your trial expires without you inserting a permanent license you still able to uninstall it in a nice and easy way and continue with your single vCenter Server.
As I am really curious about your experiences with vCenter Heartbeat: please reply or comment to this post to share your installation experiences/issues.
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